​​Gynaecological Cancers

Gynaecological cancers refer to cancers that originate in the female reproductive system, including the cervix, ovaries, uterus, vagina, and vulva. These cancers can vary significantly in their causes, symptoms, progression, and treatment options. With advancements in medical science, early detection, targeted therapies, and personalized care plans have significantly improved survival rates and quality of life for patients. At our Cancer Clinic, we are committed to providing comprehensive, evidence-based, and compassionate care, addressing not just the physical impact of gynaecological cancers but also the emotional and psychological well-being of our patients.

Understanding Gynaecological Cancers

Gynaecological cancers are a group of diseases that affect different organs in the female reproductive system. While each type has unique characteristics, they often share common risk factors, including genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and viral infections such as HPV.
Key Factors Contributing to Gynaecological Cancers:
  • Genetic Mutations: BRCA1, BRCA2, and Lynch Syndrome.
  • Infections: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and sexually transmitted infections.
  • Hormonal Factors: Prolonged estrogen exposure, hormone replacement therapy.
  • Lifestyle Choices: Smoking, obesity, and poor diet.
  • Family History: Increased risk if close relatives have a history of gynaecological cancers.
Regular screenings and awareness about early warning signs play a vital role in early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.

Types of Gynaecological Cancer

1. Cervical Cancer
Description: A cancer arising in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is commonly caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection through regular Pap smears and HPV testing significantly improves outcomes. Symptoms:
  • Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
  • Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or sharp pain during sexual activity.
  • Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Watery, bloody, or foul-smelling discharge.
  • Pelvic Pain: Persistent or cramping pelvic discomfort.
  • Increased Urinary Frequency: Often accompanied by discomfort.
Note: Early stages of cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, highlighting the importance of regular screenings for early detection.

Description:A cancer that develops in the ovaries, the reproductive glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages due to vague or subtle symptoms.
Symptoms:

    • Abdominal Bloating: Persistent bloating or swelling in the abdomen.
    • Pelvic Pain: Ongoing or intermittent pain in the pelvic region
    • Frequent Urination: Increased urgency or frequency of urination.
    • Early Satiety: Feeling full quickly while eating.
    • Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant weight changes without a clear cause.

    Note: Symptoms are often mild or mistaken for digestive issues, leading to delayed diagnosis. Regular check-ups and awareness are key for early detection.

Description: A common gynecological cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It primarily affects postmenopausal women, but it can occur at any age. Early detection often leads to successful treatment outcomes. Symptoms:
  • Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Bleeding between periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding.
  • Pelvic Pain: Persistent or cramping pain in the lower abdomen.
  • Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or sharp pain during sexual activity.
  • Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Watery or blood-tinged discharge.
  • Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden or significant weight loss without effort.
Note: Early symptoms, especially abnormal bleeding, should not be ignored and require immediate medical evaluation.
Description: A rare type of cancer that develops in the lining of the vagina (the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the external genitalia). It most commonly affects older women and is often detected in its early stages during routine gynecological exams. Symptoms:
  • Vaginal Bleeding: Unrelated to menstruation or occurring after menopause.
  • Pelvic Pain: Persistent or worsening pain in the pelvic region.
  • Lump or Mass in the Vagina: A noticeable or palpable growth.
  • Unusual Vaginal Discharge: May be watery, bloody, or have a foul odor.
  • Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sexual activity.
Note: Symptoms may overlap with other gynecological conditions, making early detection through routine exams essential.
Description: Cancer that occurs on the outer surface of the female genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It is a rare type of gynecological cancer, most commonly affecting postmenopausal women but can occur at any age. Symptoms:
  • Persistent Itching: Continuous itching that does not resolve with treatment.
  • Skin Changes on the Vulva: Discoloration, thickening, or wart-like growths.
  • Lump or Sore on the Vulva: A persistent sore or mass that does not heal.
  • Pain or Burning Sensation: Especially during urination or sexual intercourse.
  • Unusual Bleeding or Discharge: Not related to menstruation.
Note: Early symptoms are often mistaken for infections or skin conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis.

Description: Cancer that originates in the fallopian tubes, which are part of the female reproductive system and connect the ovaries to the uterus. It is a rare type of gynecological cancer but is increasingly recognized as a source of ovarian and peritoneal cancers.

Symptoms:

  • Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Especially after menopause.
  • Pelvic or Abdominal Pain: Persistent or recurring pain.
  • Watery or Bloody Vaginal Discharge: Unusual and persistent.
  • Abdominal Bloating or Swelling: May indicate advanced disease.
  • Pelvic Mass: Detectable during a pelvic examination.

Note: Symptoms are often subtle and can mimic other gynecological conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Gynaecological Cancers

Our clinic offers a multidisciplinary approach to treating gynaecological cancers:

Surgery:

  • Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.
  • Oophorectomy: Removal of ovaries.
  • Lymphadenectomy: Removal of affected lymph nodes.

Chemotherapy:

  • Administered orally or intravenously.
  • Effective in shrinking tumors and preventing recurrence.

Radiation Therapy

  • Targets cancer cells using high-energy rays.
  • Often used post-surgery or alongside chemotherapy.
Targeted Therapy :
  • Precision medicine targeting cancer cell proteins.
  • Minimizes damage to healthy tissues.
Immunotherapy:
  • Boosts the immune system to fight cancer cells.
  • Effective in advanced or recurrent cases.
Holistic care, including nutritional counseling and emotional support, ensures a well-rounded treatment plan.
Early Detection and Prevention

Prevention and early diagnosis significantly improve outcomes. Regular screenings and healthy lifestyle choices are essential.

Screening Programs:
  • Regular Pap smears and HPV tests
  • Pelvic ultrasounds
  • Routine gynecological exams
Preventive Measures:
  • HPV vaccination
  • Safe sexual practices
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Regular physical activity
Awareness Campaigns:
  • Educational workshops
  • Community outreach programs
Early intervention not only saves lives but also reduces the complexity and cost of treatment.
Emotional and Psychological Support

Cancer treatment extends beyond physical health. Emotional well-being plays a key role in recovery.

Support Services:
  • One-on-one counseling
  • Support groups for patients and families
  • Stress management programs
Rehabilitation Programs:
  • Post-surgery physical therapy
  • Nutritional guidance
  • Wellness workshops
At our clinic, we are committed to helping our patients regain their physical health and emotional resilience.